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LUMEN PRACTICE EXAMINATION
Biology
Module 5 · Heredity
General Instructions
- • Reading time – 5 minutes
- • Working time – 32 minutes
- • Write using black pen
Total marks: 18
- Section I – 5 marks (Questions 1–5) · allow about 9 minutes
- Section II – 13 marks (Questions 6–8) · allow about 23 minutes
Section I
5 marks · Attempt Questions 1–5 · Use the multiple-choice answer sheet
1 Which process produces four genetically different haploid cells?
- A. Mitosis
- B. Meiosis
- C. Binary fission
- D. DNA replication
2 During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?
- A. Prophase I
- B. Metaphase II
- C. Anaphase I
- D. Telophase II
3 A tall pea plant (Tt) is crossed with a short plant (tt). What proportion of offspring are expected to be short?
- A. 0%
- B. 25%
- C. 50%
- D. 75%
4 Which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
- A. mRNA
- B. tRNA
- C. rRNA
- D. DNA polymerase
5 Which of the following is an example of a sex-linked trait in humans?
- A. Cystic fibrosis
- B. Red–green colour blindness
- C. Sickle cell anaemia
- D. Blood type
Section II
13 marks · Attempt Questions 6–8 · Answer in the spaces provided
Question 6 Describe the process of DNA replication.3
Question 7 Explain how crossing over increases genetic variation.4
Question 8 Evaluate the use of Punnett squares to predict the inheritance of traits.6
Marking guidelines
Section I: 1 B · 2 A · 3 C · 4 B · 5 B
Question 6
| Criteria | Marks |
|---|---|
| Describes unwinding by helicase, complementary base pairing by DNA polymerase, and the semi-conservative result | 3 |
| Describes two of these steps | 2 |
| Identifies a relevant feature of replication | 1 |
Question 7
| Criteria | Marks |
|---|---|
| Explains that homologous chromosomes pair in prophase I, non-sister chromatids exchange segments at chiasmata, producing new combinations of alleles in gametes | 4 |
| Explains crossing over and links it to new allele combinations | 3 |
| Outlines crossing over | 2 |
| Identifies a relevant point | 1 |
Question 8
| Criteria | Marks |
|---|---|
| Sustained judgement on usefulness, supported by strengths (expected ratios for single-gene crosses) and limitations (dominance assumptions, small sample sizes, polygenic and linked traits) | 5–6 |
| Some judgement, with a strength and a limitation | 3–4 |
| Describes Punnett squares or gives a relevant point | 1–2 |